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“Massive Yet Tiny” engine promises big things

04/24/2006, 6:38 PM

By admin

Angel Labs has developed a new type of internal combustion engine known as the “Massive Yet Tiny” engine. It “has the potential to replace all the existing internal combustion engines and jet engines,” according to the inventor. It reportedly has a power to weight ratio 40 times higher than a regular internal combustion engine. A 14-inch, 150-pound MYT would reportedly have the same power as a 32 cylinder diesel engine — putting out 858 horsepower. Video and more info after the jump…

(More Videos here)

Below is Angel Labs’ official explanation of the technology:

The prototype has a 14 inch diameter and is 14 inches long. It weighs 150lbs. There are only 26 moving parts, 31 parts total. The first prototype uses diesel or biodiesel for fuel. Through two revolutions of its crankshaft, the ME firing cycle is equivalent to a 32 cylinder reciprocating engine, that is, it fires 32 times. As a result, its displacement is equivalent to an 848 cubic inch reciprocating engine, despite its compactness. This displacement comparison is derived as follows: (3.1416*(3)(3)*3.75)/4*32 = 848 cubic inches, with a 3″ bore and 3.75″ stroke, four stroke cycle and thirty two firings. The design is also modular. Additional units can be connected to increase power. The ME is actually a large (extremely efficiently organized) displacement internal combustion engine; therefore its high horsepower output. Moreover, with the high number of cylinders firing in close order, a high number of pulses are generated for high torque, but without the friction and parasitic losses discussed below.

At 150lbs, the basic ME design needs only to produce 3,000 hp from 848 cubic inches to produce a 20 to 1 power to weight ratio. (We are assuming less than 4 hp per cubic inch of displacement. Racing engines based on conventional design perform up to 5+ hp per cubic inch of displacement with Super/Turbo Charge. With Normally Aspirated, it will generate minimum 850 horse powers.) To our knowledge, only the latest jet engine has finally attained a 20 to 1 power to weight ratio. By replacing the rear cover of the ME and connecting another ME chamber assembly (adding two inches in length and little additional weight) the ME now becomes a 64 cylinder engine with 1,695 cubic inches raising the power to weight ratio up to 40 to 1.

Since the ME lacks the 80% of the parts normally found in a reciprocating internal combustion engine that is responsible for high friction and parasitic losses, this normally dormant horsepower is now available and would increase the total deliverable output of the ME.

Normally, in a compression ignition (diesel) engine, combustion begins @ TDC (Top Dead Center) @ 0 degree crankshaft position. The expanding gases push the piston down on the power stroke, rotating the crankshaft 180 degrees. The piston then returns to TDC pushing the exhaust at the exhaust stroke, rotating the crankshaft another 180 degrees. This is the burning time in a standard engine, a total of 360 degrees duration.

On a dynamometer, an engine’s combustion temperatures is typically measured 2″ from the exhaust ports, on the premise that the combustion temperature is very close to exhaust temperature. This is due to the zero degree duration @ TDC and the 360 degrees running duration of a standard engine. However, if @TDC, the piston is allowed to stay for a longer duration, it will burn a greater percentage of the fuel and air mixture in the combustion chamber until oxygen or fuel theoretically runs out at the end of the power stroke, thereby totally completing the combustion process and drastically lowering the exhaust temperature at the end of the exhaust stroke.

The ME design permits the piston dwell @TDC to be adjustable and the prototype ME is currently set at approximately 12 degrees of the crankshaft rotation, thereby approaching the perfection of a complete burn of all fuel. Its exhaust gases are much cooler. As a result:

  • More energy is harnessed for the same amount of fuel and air input.
  • There is less left over fuel to continue to burn at the exhaust stroke.
  • There is less waste and pollution

The higher compression ratios used in diesel engines result in greater thermal expansion of gases in the cylinder. The end result is a high percentage of fuel energy being converted into useful power. (When running the ME with Bio fuels, the same fuel is used to lubricate the crankcase.) In the ME design, a compression ratio as high as 70:1 can be attained due to the absence of the restrictive reciprocating components. Specifically:

The combustion chambers in the ME have no design limitations due to the absence of valves. (The internal combustion engine is an air pump. Airflow through intake and exhaust ports are normally restricted by valves. The ME has no valve –just open ports with no restriction. Air flow action is one way.)

  • There are no odd or brand new parts within the cylinder. All the parts are proven designs used in reciprocating engines.
  • The entire engine acts as a heat sink and a radiator. It is both air and oil cooled.
  • There is no thrust loading on piston skirts.
  • Pistons do not touch the cylinder walls, only the rings do.
  • Pistons travel only the same direction. No reciprocation, only stop and go.
  • There is high rpm potential for all of these reasons.
  • There are no cylinder heads, no cam shaft, no valves (the ME is equivalent to the bottom end of a reciprocating engine).
  • Intake compression and power stroke and exhaust stroke events are happening all at the same time, so there are no load strokes.
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04/24, 8:19 PM

posted by:

TheProfessor

I’d be surprised if this actually breaks into the automotive industry.

Great idea and concept, but seems like they haven’t run any actual tests on it. Mainly just calculations and short runs.

If it DOES work, we won’t see it for at least a few years…I wouldn’t mind having it in my engine bay though….Pretty ingenious, a relatively simple combination of rotary and traditional ICE motors

04/24, 8:28 PM

posted by:

Carlos

Ooh, this appeared in a Sport Compact Car article about new engines in development a few months ago.

As on rotaries, sealing will be one of the main problems. It’s the mundane, simple things that get in the way of a lot of these designs. Good luck to them!

04/24, 8:36 PM

posted by:

Greg Justice

This is extremely interesting, especially the “off-the-shelf” build aspect.

I have a couple of questions: What is the intended application? Automotive? Aerospace? If it’s automotive, what kind of efficiency would we expect to see in, say, a 3500lb vehicle?

How would you harness the power, e.g. would the engine live inside a housing that would bolt to a transmission? How would that effect the air cooling capability?

The horsepower is impressive, but we all know it’s torque that moves a vehicle (except off the showroom floor). What’s the torque output of this engine at that 850hp?

Thanks, I’m eager to hear back from you.
Greg Justice

04/24, 8:40 PM

posted by:

Peter

Pretty cool. I wouldn’t expect it in daily driver cars for at least a decade, though.

04/24, 9:20 PM

posted by:

Alan

“he horsepower is impressive, but we all know it’s torque that moves a vehicle (except off the showroom floor). What’s the torque output of this engine at that 850hp?” -Greg

“Moreover, with the high number of cylinders firing in close order, a high number of pulses are generated for high torque, but without the friction and parasitic losses discussed below.”

04/24, 10:23 PM

posted by:

Issac

very good idea, no real terrible drawbacks. I am impressed, an ENGINEering marvel… but as some of you guys already said… this kinda thing takes time to make into the world in mass production

04/25, 12:06 AM

posted by:

Albert

it all seems to be marvelous and such, but im sure there are a few flaws, perhaps major ones that prevent it from really making it big. Perhaps production cost or something or other. If it really was as great as it sounds, I’m quite sure it would have been rushed into testing by now and application

04/25, 12:54 AM

posted by:

Anonymous

If everything was so simple, we would not have internal combustion engines by now.

04/25, 12:57 AM

posted by:

Drew

Like #7 said, there is bound to be some sort of critical flaw they haven’t overcome yet… Otherwise, this thing would be all over the news.

04/25, 2:17 AM

posted by:

Ron

Hmm…sounds intersting enough, but I also wonder how it would fare as far as emmisions testing and although the flex-fuel is a good idea…what about consumption. These questions will take time to answer and yes it will be years before we ever get to witness it, if ever…. I myself hope we do see it come to fruition :)

04/25, 2:33 AM

posted by:

Anonymous

Hope it doesn’t use fuel like a jet engine to make all that power like one!

04/25, 7:03 AM

posted by:

Guttersludge

Incredible! Brunel would love it!

Here’s an idea: arguably and in my pseudo-humble opinion, Ferrari is probably the forthright authority on performance dispension and engineering technology, most things considered; how about if Angel Labs leased specifications to Maranello for some R&D down-time, to see what they make of it? I reckon if Ferrari can successfully define a purpose for it, any manufacturer on the planet could, eventually. I’m sure old ‘Mike Shoemaker’ or ‘Looker Bedoua’ would love to toss it about Fiorano for a few weeks for a laugh.

I sense excitement from all of you regarding this new marvel – but not enough for my liking! Methinks this could well be the most significant invention in the history of modern automotion!

04/25, 7:07 AM

posted by:

JohnnyBlazE

The human race needs developments in technology and engineering… It will be good to see a revolution in engines. Progress isn’t a bad thing if it breeds good results. Imagine the aerospace applications of a tiny engine producing a lot of power… Could overcome a lot of obstacles and modify how well we can exploit the physics of the world…. non?

Anyway good luck to them!

04/25, 7:40 AM

posted by:

Anonymous

I’m waiting for Lutz to come out and say he invented it and it will appear in the next shared model of Opel, Vauxhall, Diawoo, Malibu, Saab, Iszuzzu, Oldsmobile (brought back just for the occasion), Buick, Caddy and GMC.

j i m

04/25, 8:18 AM

posted by:

David Every

Seems like its first application would be in prop driven aircraft. You have higher airflow, and weight to power is more critical, the price-point is tolerated as higher. Gotchas, reliability needs to be proven.

I’ve seen the animation… but it does’t show crankshaft – I’m curious how that assumbly works to get the opposing start/stops on the two halves…. My concern is more about heat/lubrication issues… but I really hope it works. Double the efficiency or more, is a really cool thing.

04/25, 10:16 AM

posted by:

nikivee

I believe it’s an internet hoax. No real info on that site. Don’t believe everything you see on the net.

04/25, 10:27 AM

posted by:

Mickey Mouse

It really exists but it probably won’t go anywhere. They had it at the LA Auto Show in January. Similar to Rand-Cam, et. al.

04/25, 10:29 AM

posted by:

Trex

Ref #16 – engine being an internet hoax – There is nothing about a Massive Yet Tiny engine on snopes.com – yet…

04/25, 12:59 PM

posted by:

jeff helms

WOWZERS… i’m psyched about this new development. this technology will perpetuate new ideas which will lead to better, more sophisticated types of combustion engines. the development of new equipment will inevitably encounter problems. they got this far… i’m sure they will work the bugs out. two thumbs up!!

04/25, 1:27 PM

posted by:

DarkMastyr

I just read the patent that was filed for this engine. The design is innovative for sure, but I can see at least one major difficulty with regards to this engine design. Effectively, this engine is just a series of 2-stroke engines combined into a circular form, although each individual cylinder runs on a 4-stroke cycle. The biggest problem with this design is going to be proper lubrication. Although this design does not suffer the scavenging effects that 2-stroke engines face, each piston experiences combustion above and below the piston surface, just like a 2-stroke. This means that oil consumption on this particular type of engine will be much greater than a 4-stroke.

04/25, 1:37 PM

posted by:

DarkMastyr

I just thought of some other aspects… with that many combustion chambers, you’re going to need an individual cam for each one, meaning a total of 8 cams and 32 lifters. You would also need at least 8 different injectors. Combined with the number of cylinders this design currently implements, this amounts to some serious cost.

A serious issue that I see with this design now that I think about it is that there is no way for the injectors to spray fuel directly on top of the cylinder. This means that there needs to be some seriously innovative design of the sidewalls to implement an effective swirl effect. Otherwise, you’ll have problems with obtaining a proper mixture.

04/25, 1:41 PM

posted by:

DarkMastyr

Oh plus there’s gotta be an insane design for the intake and exhaust manifold on this sucker. In the end, the whole engine might not be any smaller than your typical IC engine you find in your car. Alright I’m done bashing this thing.

04/25, 5:51 PM

posted by:

Ark

Seems perfect for a diesel engine….

04/25, 7:16 PM

posted by:

oxbcat

#21,
did you READ the atricle?
there are NO CAMS since there are NO VALVES!

read the #7 bullet point

or here i will paste it for you.

# There are no cylinder heads, no cam shaft, no valves (the ME is equivalent to the bottom end of a reciprocating engine).

sorry to threadcrap
:(

04/25, 11:22 PM

posted by:

fnchaffin

The date is wrong on this stuff … it oughta be April 1st…

04/26, 5:51 AM

posted by:

Number22

Not sure this engine has a future in the car market. Car manufacturers are investing big $$$ in fuell cell technology. Perhaps planes, boats, trains and such would benefit from a new combustion engine… while the oil lasts and provided we don’t get hammered before than by the ignorance of some countries to support Kyoto and improve the environment… I’m rather sceptical. Combustion is old fashioned.

04/26, 11:24 AM

posted by:

Alan

No way it will work without a lot more cooling. Any engine that could generate 800+ horsepower for any time will generate a lot of heat – and need cooling that is way more substantial than the little air fins. I suppose it might be possible to use a LARGE oil cooler, but those have drawbacks too.

04/26, 9:02 PM

posted by:

John

Since they resorted to air motoring tests, instead of putting real fuel into the engine, the company knows the engine is not reliable as is. The model they have built is to demonstrate the technology works.

But they are strictly an Intellectual Property company, waiting for an automaker to license the technology and develop it to a usable state.

My question is, what is its fuel efficiency?
We know that the Wankel engine Mazda uses, even though it has less displacement, it uses MORE fuel, putting out 238 hp at a mere 16 mpg. That is less efficient than a conventional 238 hp V6 engine.

04/27, 4:31 PM

posted by:

Da Goomba

How long will it be before BIG-OIL buys the patent, makes the proto-type disappear, and the inventor winds up buried along with Jimmy Hoffa underneath Giant Stadium in the Meadowlands ?

Anything that will potentially give you 4 times the power of a normal V8 with a possible fuel efficiency that this engine offers will be squashed immediately.

We will be dependent on fossil fuel for many, many, many, more years.
Too many powerful people stand to lose billions if this technology comes out.

Don’t believe all the “alternative fuel” “e85â€? nonsense that you hear.
If they really wanted it to happen, it could happen just about over night. It’s all done to keep the outraged American Citizen (that is getting raped at the pump) quiet.

04/29, 1:06 AM

posted by:

crossmediaman

The physics of the piston rings is what will kill them. Inertia will pull the piston head against the outside of the cylinder of the ring with more point force than a piston ring can handle.

This is very similar to a Wankle rotory engine, the spinning elements almost always fail from the stresses.

04/29, 8:03 AM

posted by:

Johnny Boos

I’m kind of perplexed by the combustion process. On a reciprocating engine, the combustion process works against a fixed surface (the cylinder head). I can’t see from these views how the combustion process does not allow the pressure to push the rotary piston’s backwards.

05/02, 4:24 PM

posted by:

Benson

WOW, rotary engines was always the way to go because it was in a constant rotating motion unlike piston that has to go up and down . But piston engines do have its good points.To me this would be the greatest invention to man kind if it works, combining rotary with piston together it could solve the the quest for more power for any types of applications.

05/04, 11:53 PM

posted by:

David

There is always” The next best thing”, with Trillions of dollars spent on research and developemen in the automotive, racing and aerospace industries in the last hundred years this is the magic bullet to cure our woes? Its got the initails B.S. and hogwash written all over it!!!t

05/06, 3:31 PM

posted by:

doig

Angel’s Jin referred to a “Company X” as a potential licensee. Who is conmpany X? Or which publicly traded company has either licensed or is invetigating use for military or civilian use?

05/06, 11:50 PM

posted by:

Eric

I saw this thing at the L.A. auto show. I also spent some time talking with these guys including the engineers (designer and assistant). There are 2 intakes and 2 exhaust “holes”. The engine can be converted to diesel or unleaded fuel by adding sparkplugs (one on top and one on bottom). The engine is more fuel efficient because less energy is required to turn the whole thing *note piston engines go up and down, wenkel run in an epicodial pattern and spin. Plus you only have two intakes opposed to an intake per cylinder. They have actually put a working engine in a car (something retarded like a focus or something) however; it only ran for a short while (like a two or three months). They wouldn’t tell me why it was no longer running. Therefore, this engine does actually work however they wouldn’t tell me about the drawbacks. They have no intention on building or manufacturing any of these. They strictly want to sell the technology to manufacturers who use engines like the automotive and aquatic industries. To put a comparable engine in your car would weigh about 30 lbs. and be about 7″x7″. Remember the engine is more fuel-efficient because it eliminates hundreds of pounds from the vehicles overall weight (standard car engine weighs 600~1000 pounds, myt weighs 30 pounds). At 800 rpm this thing kicks out over 800 lbs. of torque. At 3000 rpm this thing kicks out 4000 lbs. of torque.

One of the downsides I could see was, they recommended bio fuel for both combustion and heat disapation. All lovely if we could actually go to the pump and get bio diesel. As far as I know they are waiting on patents and such. Hope to see this in the future. Anyhoo thought I would throw my two cents in.

05/07, 1:30 AM

posted by:

Paradox Racing

I can see how this thing could work, but the flaw I see, which may have been what killed the prototype, is this: What keeps the trailing piston from being forced backwards? As the mixture is compressed and ignited it would try to force the two pistons apart, which is fine for the forward piston, because that’s the whole point, but on the trailing piston, the only resistance I could see would be the inertia of the engine, and this will create PHENOMINAL stresses where that trailing piston attaches to the crankshaft, much like what happens to a piston or rotary engine when it “detonates prematurely”. This effect will be increased when using the compression ratios needed for diesel operation. Not to mention that there is a long path for the combustion gasses to travel before being exhausted about 270 degrees from the ignition point. That would create a lot of heat build up, which, much like the design of the quasi-turbine engine could be handled pretty well because of the large amount of surface area they travel through and heat-sinks, but at that point, a lot of the heat and velocity of the gasses will be lost, and may create a problem with evacuation through the exhaust. I think this is a very interesting design, and would love to see it progress, but as with many experimental engines, it probably will never see production. But then again, who knows?

05/13, 3:10 AM

posted by:

Ben

“standard car engine weighs 600~1000 pounds”
A small block chevy weighs about 600 pounds; a diesel in a one ton pickup weighs about 1000 pounds. A typical 4 cylinder will weigh 200-300 pounds.

The videos from their site are very interesting. I can’t wait to see what becomes of this motor. I know that I would much rather work on that motor than on my small block chevy.

06/11, 6:34 AM

posted by:

donnie

WOW just what I need for my kids gocart

06/11, 6:34 AM

posted by:

donnie

WOW just what I need for my kids gocart

 
 
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